Recensione a Nicola Posteraro, Domande manifestamente inaccoglibili e dovere di provvedere

.

Brevi riflessioni intorno al saggio di Pierpaolo Forte sui “beni culturali digitalizzati”

Il paper suscita almeno tre ordini di approfondimenti: l’arte nell’epoca digitale, il tema dell’immateriale del bene culturale, la rilevanza della questione per esplorare più ampie trasformazioni generali dell’intero diritto amministrativo, dalla teoria dell’organizzazione a quella dell’attività. The paper aims to at least three insights: art in the digital age, the intangible cultural heritage, the importance of the matter to know more about the whole administrative law, from organization theory to activities and function

Motivazione del provvedimento e giudizio sul rapporto

L’articolo esamina le attuali tendenze giurisprudenziali in tema di motivazione del provvedimento amministrativo, e le connessioni che tale questione presenta con le trasformazioni del processo amministrativo, del suo oggetto, e del giudicato in rapporto alla successiva attività dell’amministrazione. In particolare, dopo aver considerato il problema del carattere formale o sostanziale della motivazione, e la possibilità di integrare quest’ultima in corso di giudizio, ci si chiede quale versione del c.d. giudizio “sul rapporto” controverso possa oggi essere compatibile con la persistente specialità del giudice amministrativo, nel tentativo di recuperare, per quanto possibile, la ratio originaria della legge sul procedimento amministrativo e, all’interno di essa, la natura sostanziale della motivazione del provvedimento. Questa soluzione, oltre ad apparire più in linea col dato positivo, ha il pregio di conciliare effettività della tutela e ragioni profonde della specialità e differenza del processo amministrativo, nonché di recuperare la centralità della motivazione della decisione, per come era stata pensata agli albori della l. n. 241/1990. Tale impostazione rievoca peraltro le correnti dottrinali che hanno mostrato come l’esercizio della funzione amministrativa si concretizzi in un potere/dovere di scelta, scomponibile in un momento conoscitivo (preordinato alla selezione ed all’accertamento del fatto) e in uno valutativo (volto alla individuazione delle possibili alternative decisionali ed alla conseguente scelta di quella reputata più idonea a risolvere il problema tecnico-giuridico), in cui la “decisione amministrativa” è destinata ad essere formalizzata nel provvedimento. Si conclude nel senso che è sull’asse della tradizionale limitazione del potere che sia opportuno continuarsi a muovere, sia pure nella consapevolezza di un assetto dell’ordinamento profondamente mutato, e che necessita, quindi, di risposte attualizzate. In tal senso, dopo le alterne fortune della motivazione del provvedimento amministrativo, e delle tendenze ad imbrigliare sempre più l’esercizio del potere nelle maglie del giudicato, si esprimono forti perplessità sull’approdo rappresentato dalla piena “civilizzazione” del processo amministrativo, nell’ambito di un giudizio “sul rapporto” che appare ancora nebuloso e di incerta configurazione teorica. AbstractThe paper focuses on the current case-law trends with regard to the motivation of the administrative acts, bypointing out how this issueis linked to the transformation of the administrative judicial process, its subject matter, and res judicata in relation to the subsequent administrative activity. In particular, after considering the question of the formal or substantial nature of the motivation of the administrative acts,and the admissibility of its ex-post integrationby the public administration during the trial, the author wonders whichversion of the so called judgment “on the legal relationship” might be compatible currently with the persistent special nature of the administrative judicial process.The paper stresses the need to revitalise, as much as possible, the rationale originally behind the Italian administrative procedure Act (Law no. 241 dated 7 august 1990) and within it the substantial nature of motivation of the administrative acts. This solution is consistent with the Italian positive law, and reconciles the effectiveness of judicial protection with the deep-seated reasons for the specialty and the difference of the administrative judicial process, while at the same time restoring the central role played by the motivation of theadministrative decisions, as originally conceived by Law no. 241/1990. This approach also echoes the doctrinal opinions stating that administrative function is a power/duty of choice, which includes botha cognitive (aimed atselecting and establishing the facts) and a evaluative moment (aimed at identifying possible alternative options for decision-making andconsequently choosing the most appropriate one to solve the technical-legal problem), by which the “administrative decision” is to be formalized in the administrative act. The author concludes that the traditional axis of the limitations of power still stands, admittedly in a different context, requiring updated responses against the background of a changed environment. Considering the vicissitudes surrounding the motivation of administrative acts, and the trend towards trapping the exercise of power in the texture of res judicata, the author has considerable misgivings about the “equalization” between the administrative and civil judicial process, and points out that the judgment “on the legal relationship” still seems to be nebulous and uncertain. Parole chiave: motivazione, atti amministrativi,oggetto del processo, limiti del giudicato di annullamento, giudizio sul rapporto, dedotto e deducibileKeywords: motivation, administrative acts,object of the judicial process, limits of the judicial review, judgment on the legal relationship, claim preclusio

Edwards INSPIRIS RESILIA Valve for Aortic Valve Replacement Achieves Acute Reverse Remodelling of the Left Ventricle and Maintains Excellent Hemodynamic Profile after 1 Year in Young Adults

Objective: Mechanical aortic valve replacement (AVR) is still the recommended valve substitute in young adults, although cultural reasons have popularized bioprostheses also in these patients. Inde..

Cardioplegia between evolution and revolution: from depolarized to polarized cardiac arrest in adult cardiac surgery

Despite current advances in perioperative care, intraoperative myocardial protection during cardiac surgery has not kept the same pace. High potassium cardioplegic solutions were introduced in the 1950s, and in the early 1960s they were soon recognized as harmful. Since that time, surgeons have minimized many of the adverse effects by lowering the temperature of the heart, lowering K+ concentration, reducing contact K+ time, changing the vehicle from a crystalloid solution to whole-blood, adding many pharmacological protectants and modifying reperfusion conditions. Despite these attempts, high potassium remains a suboptimalway to arrest the heart. We briefly review the historical advances and failures of finding alternatives to high potassium, the drawbacks of a prolonged depolarized membrane, altered Ca2+ intracellular circuits and heterogeneity in atrial-ventricular K+ repolarization during reanimation. Many of these untoward effects may be alleviated by a polarized membrane, and we will discuss the basic science and clinical experience from a number of institutions trialling different alternatives, and our institution with a non-depolarizing adenosine, lidocaine and magnesium (ALM) cardioplegia. The future of polarized arrest is an exciting one and may play an important role in treating the next generation of patients who are older, and sicker with multiple comorbidities and require more complex operations with prolonged cross-clamping times

MPEG-M: A Digital Media Ecosystem for Interoperable Applications

MPEG-M is a suite of ISO/IEC standards (ISO/IEC 23006) that has been developed under the auspices of Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). MPEG-M, also known as Multimedia Service Platform Technologies (MSPT), facilitates a collection of multimedia middleware APIs and elementary services as well as service aggregation so that service providers can offer users a plethora of innovative services by extending current IPTV technology toward the seamless integration of personal content creation and distribution, e-commerce, social networks and Internet distribution of digital media

Climate and landscape composition explain agronomic practices, pesticide use and grape yield in vineyards across Italy

Context Worldwide, organic farming is being promoted as one of the main alternatives to intensive conventional farming. However, the benefits of organic agriculture are still controversial and need to be tested across wide environmental gradients. Objective Here, we carried out an observational study to test how agronomic practices, pest management, environmental impact and yield of conventional and organic vineyards changed along wide climatic and landscape gradients across Italy. Methods We used a block design with 38 pairs of conventional and organic vineyards across Italy. Results and conclusions Most agronomic practices did not differ between conventional and organic vineyards. By contrast, landscape composition and climate were strong predictors of management in both systems. First, increasing semi-natural areas around the vineyards reduced pesticide pressure and related environmental impacts, but was also associated with lower yield. Second, irrespective of the farming system, a warm and dry climate was associated with reduced fungicide pressure. Conventional farming had a yield gain of 40% in cold and wet climate compared to organic but the yield gap disappeared in the warmest regions. Significance In both farming systems, we observed a large variability in management practices that was mainly explained by climate and landscape composition. This large variability should be considered when evaluating the benefits and drawbacks of different farming systems under contrasting environmental contexts

CMS physics technical design report : Addendum on high density QCD with heavy ions

Peer reviewe

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe

Probing effective field theory operators in the associated production of top quarks with a Z boson in multilepton final states at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe